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Below is a brief overview of
the divorce process. A more detailed description of the individual issues involved can be
found under the Common Questions link.
Under the present law, an applicant for a divorce (known as the Petitioner) must prove
that the marriage has irretrievably broken down by establishing one of the following five
facts:-
- Adultery
- Unreasonable behaviour
- Two years desertion
- Two years separation and the written consent of the other
party
- Five years separation
The case is presented to a Court by
the Petition, a document which contains the basic facts about the marriage and its
history. If the other party wishes to contest the divorce, he or she does so by filing an
Answer. In fact, cases are rarely contested. If undefended, the Court will pronouce a
decree of divorce if satisfied by the evidence in two stages: Decree Nisi, and six weeks
later, Decree Absolute. The entire process of an undefended case can take about three to
four months to complete. No attendance at Court is necessary.
The Divorce is dealt with by a
private process, and no fault or blame is implied in respect of any party against whom a
decree is pronounced. Only rarely does the history of the marriage have any impact on
financial matters, and it is entirely open to the Respondent party to allow the divorce to
go through, and not challenge the allegations made in relation to the divorce, but still
to resist any raising of the allegations in the context of financial matters.
Questions relating to children are
relevant to the divorce and the Court requires to be given information about the
Arrangements for the children, and has to be satisfied that those arrangements are
appropriate. Subject to that, the Court will not intervene in matters relating to the
children, unless asked to do so by a party in circumstances where the parties themselves
cannot resolve the issue without the assistance of the Court.
It is important that clients are
aware of the timescale of the divorce process - this often helps give an idea of the
procedures involved in conducting divorce proceedings, and indicates how long this process
may take. The following represents an approximate timetable, assuming that both parties
are resident in the U.K. and that the case is undefended. If either party resides abroad,
does not respond to the process promptly or contests the case the process will take
longer.
- After one year of marriage - divorce proceedings can
commence. The Petition and Statement of Arrangements forms (if
there are children) are completed and lodged at the Court. The Court charges £150 for
issuing a divorce.
- Within two weeks - Solicitors acting for the
Petitioner or the Court serve the Petition and Statement of Arrangements to
the other spouse.
- Within a further four weeks - Respondent
party should file an Acknowledgement of Service of these papers.
- Within one week of receipt of Acknowledgement of Service
- The Petitioner can apply for the Decree Nisi, the first stage of the divorce order. This
decree includes an affidavit from the Petitioner detailing information concerning the
proposed grounds for the divorce, to clarify that the couple have truely lived separately
or that the Respondent has committed adultery or acted unnreasonably. The Court must also
be satisfied that the arrangements for the children are agreed between the parties. The
Affidavit must be sworn before a solicitor and submitted to Court.
- Within five weeks of filing the application - the Judge
will have set a date for the pronouncement of the Decree Nisi. The parties do not have to
attend Court when the Decree Nisi is pronounced.
- Six weeks after the pronouncement of the Decree Nisi -
The Petitioner can apply for the Decree Absolute, although it is usual and prudent to
apply for this once the financial issues in the case are settled. The fee for the Decree
Absolute is £30.
- Once the Decree Absolute is pronounced - Only then can
either spouse remarry. It is important to remember that the Decree Absolute must be kept
safely by the parties, because it is the only evidence they will have of their new marital
status.
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